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1. In patients with carotid artery dissection, the use of anticoagulation therapy vs. antiplatelet therapy is mostly based on:

A. Large, randomized clinical trial demonstrating significant benefits with anticoagulation therapy B. Emperical treatment preference without evidence from randomized clinical trials C. Preliminary data from multiple small randomized trials demonstrating possible benefits D. No evidence from randomized controlled trials, but observational studies showed possible benefits with anticoagulation therapy E. No evidence based on randomized controlled trials, but anticoagulation therapy was preferred because of its lack of side effects compared to the antiplatelet therapy

2. The followings are all contraindications for patients to receive anticoagulation therapy for carotid artery dissection except: A. Multiple TIA and/or strokes affecting different regions of the CNS supplied by the same carotid artery B. Lack of brain imaging to rule out intracranial hemorrhage C. Presence of intracranial dissection D. Severe stroke with NIHSS greater than 15 E. Cervical compression but no focal neurological findings suggesting TIA or stroke

3. True or False: The opening pressure obtained from patient in prone position is just as accurate as the patient in the lateral decubitus position?

True False

4. In a patient suffering from embolic stroke due to preexisiting atrial fibrillation, the standard of care will be:

A. Start Coumadin therapy and bridge the therapy with Haparin B. WIthhold all anticoagulation until several days after the stroke to prevent hemorrhagic conversion, then start Coumadin C. Wait a few days after stroke, then start Coumadin therapy and bridge with Heparin D. Start Coumadin therapy but do not bridge with Heparin in order to prevent hemorrhagic conversion E. Start ASA thereapy

5. Typical findings of CJD includes all of the following except:

A. T2 and FLAIR signal intensity in the putamen and head of caudate nucleus as the most common finding on MRI B. DWI changes in cortex or deep gray matter may be present in patients present in the early phase of the disease C. Elevated 14-3-3 protein level can assist in diagnosis but other conditions can also cause abnormal result of this assay D. Characteristic MRI findings during the early CJD are the gold standard of diagnosis E. EEG findings of characteristic waveforms provide good supportive evidence for the diagnosis

6. WHO criteria for sCJD includes all of the following except:

A. Progressive dementia B. Abnormal MRI findings suggestive of CJD C. Abnormal EEG findings consistent with CJD during the duration of illness and/or elevated 14-3-3 protein level during the illness D. Patient complained of two of the following associated symptoms: myoclonius; visual or cerebellar disturbances; pyramidal/extrapyramidal dysfunction; akinetic mutism

7. Which of the following is true regarding neurosarcoidosis:

A. Only very limited number of cranial nerves can be involved in neurosarcoidosis B. Neurosarcoidosis occurs in more than 50% of patients with sarcoidosis and is the most common complication of the disease C. Neuroendocrine dysfunction is common and most commonly due to inflammation of hypothalamus D. Meninges are rarely involved in neurosarcoidosis E. DWI images are the best way to confirm CNS lesion in patients with neurosarcoidosis

8. CSF abnormality in patient with neurosarcoidosis includes:

A. Patients with neurosarcoidosis rarely have abnormal CSF findings B. Elevated protein level and normal or low glucose level are commonly found in the CSF C. Predominantly mononuclear pleocytosis are commonly found in the CSF D. Both B and C E. None of the above

9. Which of the following statement about the treatment for neurosarcoidosis is true?

A. Steroids are considered the last line of therapy and should never be attempted unless patient has failed all other options B. Once placed on steroid treatment, patient with neurosarcoidosis should never be tapered off the steroids C. Dosage of steroid treatment depends on patient's symptoms and clinical and imagine findings D. Azathioprine, methotrexate, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine are all considered first line therapies for neurosarcoidosis E. Research demonstrated better tolerance and better disease control in patients taking methothrexate than steroids

10. 75 year old demented female coming to the ER complaining of headache. CT scan showed subdural hematoma with a gray appearance on MRI T1 sequence and dark gray on T2 sequence. How old is the blood estimated to be? A. More than 10 days B. More than 14 days C. 1-5 days D. 6 - 24 hours E. Cannot be determined